Wednesday, October 29, 2014

W3C Declares HTML5 Standard Complete


More than four years ago, Steve Jobs declared war on Flash and heralded HTML5 as the way to go. You could be forgiven if you thought the HTML5 standard — the follow-up to 1997’s HTML 4 — has long been set in stone, given that developers, browser vendors and the press have been talking about it for years now. In reality, however, HTML5 was still in flux — until today. The W3C today published its Recommendation of HTML5 — the final version of the standard after years of adding features and making changes to it.
As a user, you won’t notice any changes. Chances are your browser already supports most HTML5 features like the 
“Today we think nothing of watching video and audio natively in the browser, and nothing of running a browser on a phone,” said Tim Berners-Lee, the W3C director, in a statement today. “We expect to be able to share photos, shop, read the news, and look up information anywhere on any device. Though they remain invisible to most users, HTML5 and the Open Web Platform are driving these growing user expectations.”
As Paul Cotton, the W3C HTML working group co-chair and Partner Group Manager at Microsoft Open Technologies told me earlier this week, he believes that the main achievements of HTML5 are that it “defines the set of interoperable HTML5 features that web developers can depend on in building their web sites.”
Any non-interoperable features the group discussed were moved to HTML 5.1 (including the controversial idea of adding support for some kinds of digital rights management right into the standard). HTML 5.1 may be released as early as next year, and the Working Group will continue to work on those features that were excluded from HTML5.
Of all the many new features in HTML5, Cotton believes that “the single most important feature of HTML5 is probably the
At some point in the standardization process, it looked like it would take as long as 2020 to get to a final recommendation. Thanks to the W3C’s “Plan 2014,” we have a final version today. As Cotton told me, though, he also believes that this was the biggest compromise the different stakeholders agreed to.
“As part of ‘plan 2014′ we also encouraged the Working Group to permit work on some controversial items to proceed on their own path in parallel to HTML5 as ‘extension specs,'” he told me. “In fact some of these extension specs were separately developed (i.e. Ruby and elements) and were folded back into HTML5 before its completion, and others like ‘long description’ are on their way to completion as separate W3C Recommendations.”
af (1)Cotton notes that the challenge for organizations like the W3C and HTML Working Group will be to keep up with the evolving environment of doing open standards and to respond to these changes.
“For example, the tools that developers use to do their day jobs today i.e. GitHub, social media, etc. are much different than five years ago, and if we want future work of the HTML Working Group to engage web developers then we need to evolve as that environment changes,” Cotton says.
Similarly, the W3C today notes in its press release that the next version of the standard needs to focus on a number of core “application foundations” like tools for security and privacy, device interactions, application lifecycle, media and real-time communications and services around the social web, payments and annotations. All of these are meant to make it easier for developers to support the web platform.
With the final recommendation for HTML5 done, the W3C will now immediately start fixing bugs, but most importantly, it’ll work on HTML 5.1.

Tuesday, February 4, 2014

Thailand court bid to annul election and unseat PM

Thailand court bid to annul election and unseat PM

Anti-government protesters march through the streets of the Chinatown area of Bangkok on 1 February 2014Despite the national symbols, deep divisions have been exposed in the country in recent months

Related Stories

Thailand's main opposition party has petitioned the Constitutional Court to annul Sunday's general election.
The Democrat Party's petition also calls for the dissolution of the ruling Pheu Thai party.
It argues that the polls violated the constitution on several grounds, including that they were not completed in one day.
The government blames opposition polling station blockades for the delays.

Thailand's troubles

  • Sep 2006: Army ousts Thaksin Shinawatra
  • Dec 2007: Pro-Thaksin party wins election
  • Aug 2008: Thaksin flees Thailand
  • Dec 2008: Huge anti-Thaksin protests; court bans ruling party; Abhisit Vejjajiva comes to power
  • Mar-May 2010: Huge pro-Thaksin protests; dozens killed in army crackdown
  • Jul 2011: Yingluck Shinawatra, sister of Thaksin, elected PM
  • Nov 2013: Anti-government protests
  • Dec 2013: Ms Yingluck calls election
  • Jan 2014: Ms Yingluck declares state of emergency
Thailand's election law also allows voting to be re-run where it has been disrupted.
Legal experts say there is no real case for annulling the election but the Constitutional Court has a history of ruling against the party of the Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.
It annulled an election eight years ago, and has twice dissolved the party and banned its top politicians from office.
The Democrats say they are confident they will win in court again.
If that happens, the prime minister's supporters in her strongholds of the north and northeast, say they will refuse to recognise whatever government replaces her.
In calling the elections the prime minister hoped to defuse large anti-government protests that began in the capital three months ago.
But the opposition boycotted them and anti-government protesters forced the closure of hundreds of polling stations in Bangkok and the south, stopping millions of people from voting and preventing the announcement of a result until special elections are held in areas that have not yet voted.
Voting was peaceful at 90% of polling stations.
Wiratana Kalayasiri, a former opposition lawmaker and head of the Democrat Party's legal team, said: "This election has violated the constitution on several counts, but mainly it was not a fair one."
"The election was not held on the same day... That is why we are seeking to nullify it," he said.
The opposition is also expected to ask the court to disqualify Pheu Thai party executives and ban cabinet members who were party candidates.
There is a deep divide between supporters of the Prime Minister and her opponents, who allege her government is corrupt and that she is a puppet of her brother, ousted Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.
A billionaire, he fled into exile to avoid corruption charges after being deposed in a 2006 coup.
Anti-government protestors cheer as leader Suthep Thaugsuban speaks about the elections during his daily speech 3 February 2014 in Bangkok,ThailandAnti-government protesters have been occupying parts of Bangkok since last year
Most of the protesters, who have occupied government ministries and major intersections during their demonstrations, want the government to be replaced by an unelected "people's council'' to enact reforms ahead of new elections.
They also want the Shinawatra family's influence permanently removed from Thai politics.
The prime minister has refused to step down, arguing she was elected by a large majority, and that she is open to reform, but that such a council would be unconstitutional and undemocratic.
Rice blow
The legal bid comes as China pulls out of a contract to buy 1.2 million tonnes of rice from Thailand.
Thailand's Ministry of Commerce said the Chinese government pulled out of the deal because of an ongoing probe by the country's Anti-Corruption Commission into the Prime Minister's rice purchase policy.
The policy, in which the government buys farmers' crops at prices up to 50% higher than world prices, has been a factor in the recent anti-government protests.
Many of the protesters are urban, middle-class Thais, who allege the scheme is just a way to buy the votes of people in poorer, rural areas, with state money.
The ruling party - under various names - has won the last five elections, with strong support from its rural support base.
But now the government needs to sell its rice stocks to pay farmers, many of whom have not been paid for their October crop, and some of whom have threatened to join the anti-government demonstrations in Bangkok.
File photo: Rice stockpile in ThailandThailand has been buying rice from farmers at prices higher than world prices

Sunday, July 14, 2013

Dubai Stocks Post Longest Winning Streak in 2 Months on Stimulus

ubai stocks climbed for a seventh day, the longest winning streak in two months, tracking a global rally amid optimism central banks will continue their monetary stimulus measures.
The benchmark DFM General Index (DFMGI), the world’s third-best performer this year among 94 gauges tracked by Bloomberg, gained 2 percent at the close in Dubai to the highest close since November 2008. Abu Dhabi’s measure increased 0.9 percent.
Skyscrapers and buildings stand in the business bay development area beside the undeveloped desert which will become Mohammed Bin Rashid City, seen from the Burj Khalifa tower, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, on May 30, 2013. Photographer: Duncan Chard/Bloomberg
Emerging-market stocks rose, extending a weekly rally, as the European Central Bank executive board member Vitor Constancio said the euro area’s slow recovery implies that policy has to stay “accommodative for a longer period of time”. U.S. stocks also rose for a third week, sending benchmark indexes to all-time highs, as Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke pledged sustained monetary stimulus.
“Dubai is likely up on the back of U.S. markets hitting record highs on Friday after the Fed reassured investors that it would continue to keep the floodgates of cheap money open,” said Gus Chehayeb, the Dubai-based research director for the Middle East at investment bank Exotix Ltd. “It seems the Fed is backing down after the capital markets rioted over the past two months.”
Bernanke said on July 10 that the U.S. economy will continue to need stimulus measures because of low inflation and high unemployment. China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei said a 6.5 percent growth rate wouldn’t be a “big problem.”

Egypt Falls

The MSCI Emerging Markets Index (SASEIDX) rose 0.3 percent to 945.36, taking its weekly gain to 3 percent. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (SPX) slumped as much as 5.8 percent after Bernanke signaled on May 22 that the Fed could start scaling back bond purchases as soon as September. Stocks have since recovered all those losses as data on hiring and housing bolstered confidence in the economic recovery.
Dubai Investments PJSC (DIC) jumped 7.1 percent to the highest since November 2008. Emaar Properties PJSC (EMAAR), developer of the world’s tallest tower, climbed 1.9 percent.
In Egypt, Commercial International Bank Ltd., the country’s biggest publicly traded lender, rose 1.5 percent, helping boost the benchmark EGX 30 Index at the close. The Egyptian public prosecutor’s office started an investigation of deposed Islamist President Mohamed Mursi as thousands of supporters vowed to keep up their protests until he is reinstated.
Elsewhere in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia’s Tadawul All Share Index rose 0.6 percent. Oman’s MSM30 Index and Kuwait’s gauge climbed 0.4 percent each. Israel’s benchmark TA-25 Index (TA-25) increased 0.6 percent. The yield on the nation’s benchmark 4.25 percent bonds maturing in March 2023 was unchanged at 3.78 percent.

Wednesday, November 7, 2012

Telephone Area codes

Area

Code

Area

Code

Area

Code

Colombo 011Kegalle 
035
Bandarawela 057
Jaffna021Avissawella 036Ampara 063
Mannar023Kurunegala 037Batticola 065
Vavunia024Panadura 038Matale 066
Anuradapura 025Matara 041Kalmuni 057
Trincomalee 026Ratnapura 045Kandy 081
Polonnaruwa 027Hambantota 047Galle 091
Negombo 031Hatton 051Badulla055
Chilaw 032Nuwara Eliya 052Kaluthara034
Gampaha 033Nawalapitiya 054

Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Fed Stimulus Fading as Forecasters Say Best Is Over: Commodities


The biggest advances in commodities this year may be over because of mounting concern that policy makers aren’t doing enough to bolster economic growth at a time when producers are expanding supply.
The Standard & Poor’s GSCI gauge of 24 raw materials will end the year at 677, little changed from now, based on the median of 10 investor and analyst estimates compiled by Bloomberg. The index is about 2 percent lower since the European Central Bank announced an unlimited bond-purchase program Sept. 6 and 4 percent below its level when the Federal Reservepledged a third round of debt-buying Sept. 13.
That contrasts with a 92 percent surge from the end of 2008 through June 2011 as the Fed bought $2.3 trillion of debt in two bouts of quantitative easing. The impact will probably be smaller this time, Barclays Plc says. Prices are already in a bull market, the 17-nation euro area is contracting and China has slowed for six straight quarters. Europe and China represent about 60 percent of global copper demand and about 33 percent of crude-oil consumption.
“The investment demand that might be driven by people’s changed perception after Fed action is not going to sustain a further long-term move of the commodity complex,” said Michael Aronstein, the president of Marketfield Asset Management in New York who correctly predicted the slump in prices in 2008 and the rebound in 2009. “The longer you keep prices in all of these sectors elevated, the more supply you recruit.”

Dollar Index

The S&P GSCI rose 2 percent this year, heading for a fourth consecutive annual advance. Soybeans and wheat led the gains after the worst U.S. drought since 1956. The MSCI All- Country World Index of equities jumped 13 percent and the U.S. Dollar Index, a measure against six major trading partners, dropped 1.4 percent. Treasuries returned 1.4 percent, a Bank of America Corp. index shows.
Commodity assets under management reached $406 billion at the end of July, from $399 billion at the start of the year, based on Barclays’ estimates of money tied to exchange-traded products, medium-term notes and indexes. Assets reached a record $451 billion in April 2011.Open interest, or contracts outstanding, across the members of the S&P GSCI rose 16 percent this year, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Morgan Stanley is forecasting supply surpluses in aluminum, nickel, zinc and thermal coal in 2013 and Barclays expects a glut in lead for at least a third consecutive year. The rally in aluminum and zinc makes production cuts in China less likely, prolonging excessive production, Macquarie Group Ltd. said in a report Sept. 17.

Oil Inventories

While the Paris-based International Energy Agency anticipates record demand for oil in 2013, it said in a monthly report Sept. 12 that inventories have become “more comfortable.” Natural-gas futures tumbled 27 percent in the past year in New York as production in the U.S., the biggest producer and consumer, advanced to a record.
Gold will probably be among the biggest winners from quantitative easing, say JPMorgan Chase & Co., Standard Bank Group and Credit Suisse Group AG. Some investors buy bullion as a hedge against inflation and a weaker dollar. The metal, which reached a six-month high of $1,779.50 an ounce yesterday, will advance to a record $2,400 by the end of 2014, assuming the stimulus lasts until then, Bank of America Corp. said.
“We view owning commodities and gold in particular as more attractive post the QE3 announcement,” said Walter “Bucky” Hellwig, who helps manage $17 billion at BB&T Wealth Management in Birmingham, Alabama. “While the QE is there, it does keep the bid under commodities prices and gives them an opportunity to continue to move higher even with a sluggish economy.”

Interest Rates

Central-bank action should boost prices across precious and industrial metals, JPMorgan said in a report Sept. 14, citing a probable decline in the dollar. Gold, silver, Brent crude oil and aluminum will probably rally more than other commodities, Standard Bank said in a Sept. 17 report.
The Fed will buy $40 billion of mortgage debt a month and hold the benchmark interest rate near zero through at least mid- 2015. The ECB held its benchmark rate at a record low of 0.75 percent and said its program will target government bonds with maturities of one to three years. The Bank of Japan unexpectedly expanded its asset-purchase fund by 10 trillion yen ($126 billion) on Sept. 19. More than two-dozen nations cut market interest rates this year, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
The S&P GSCI in one year may be at 720 points, or about 6 percent higher than now, according to the Bloomberg survey. The International Monetary Fund expects global growth to accelerate to 3.9 percent next year, from 3.5 percent in 2012.

Hedge Funds

Commodities also may rally because of supply cuts. Morgan Stanley expects copper demand to outpace supply for a fourth year in 2013. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is forecasting the smallest global corn stockpiles in six years and the lowest soybean inventories in two decades after drought across the U.S. and Europe parched crops. Sanctions against Iran are crimping oil exports from what was once the second-biggest producer in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Hedge funds and other speculators remain bullish and held the biggest bet on rising prices in 16 months in the week ended Sept. 11, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission data show. Holdings more than doubled since mid-June. That contrasts with a 95 percent reduction in the net-long position before the start of the first round of quantitative easing in December 2008.
“This is not as much as a one-way ticket as it has been in the previous two instances,” said Sean Corrigan, the chief investment strategist at Diapason Commodities Management SA in Lausanne, Switzerland, which has about $7 billion invested in commodities. “The tug of war is between how much is already priced in and how much poorer is the underlying commodity demand because the world economy is in a much worse condition now.”

Reserve Requirements

China, the biggest consumer of everything from coal to cotton to copper, set an annual growth target of 7.5 percent in March. It cut interest rates for the second time in less than a month in July and lowered reserve requirements three times between November and May. The government approved plans this month for a $158 billion subways-to-roads construction plan.
The economy of the euro area contracted 0.5 percent in the second quarter and probably won’t expand again until the second quarter of next year, according to the median of 24 economist estimates compiled by Bloomberg. The global economy is sliding into a “twilight zone,” caught between expansion and recession, and it “could go either way,” said Joachim Fels, the chief economist at Morgan Stanley in London.

Private Banking

Equities and high-yield debt probably will give greater returns than commodities, said Ashish Misra, the head of investment strategy at Lloyds TSB Banking Group in London. Its private banking unit manages about 11 billion pounds ($18 billion) of assets. Commodities have risen about fourfold since the end of 2001, during which the MSCI All-Country World Index gained 41 percent and Treasuries returned 77 percent.
“We’re heading for a period of underperformance in commodities after years of outperformance,” Misra said. “The effects of a slowdown in China and resumption of normal production trends in agriculture after this year’s drought- driven supply shocks should continue to pressure commodity prices downward.”
To contact the reporter on this story: Maria Kolesnikova in London atmkolesnikova@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Claudia Carpenter atccarpenter2@bloomberg.net

Saturday, February 5, 2011

Sri Lanka flexible exchange rate can cut carry trade risk: IMF

Sri Lanka flexible exchange rate can cut carry trade risk: IMF

Feb 04, 2011 (LBO) - A flexible exchange rate that moves in both directions can ward off speculative capital flows by signaling the risk of capital losses, while also improving competitiveness, an International Monetary Fund official said.

Countries with pegged exchange central banks draw in speculative capital from lower interest rate regimes in so-called 'carry trades' making monetary policy difficult and raising the risk of inflation, asset price bubbles and the prospect of sudden outflows greater.

Crawling Up

After being tightly pegged soon after a balance of payments crisis in 2009, the rupee was appreciated by the Central Bank in 2010, slowly crawling up.

"Over recent months we have seen some appreciation," IMF resident representative Koshy Mathai said.

"A little depreciation recently, but generally, over the last few months, some appreciation and we were glad to see the introduction of flexibility in one direction.

"That is a good thing, because it indicates to the market that exchange rates can move that there is a potential for getting capital losses if you want to do carry trades; things like that.

"But we would like to see movement in both directions."

Sri Lanka's rupee is tightly pegged to the US dollar with the help of substantially higher interest rates than the anchor currency allowing the central bank to appreciate the currency at will as long as it does not print large volumes of money.

Policy rates in Sri Lanka are now on a 7.0 to 8.5 percent band compared to almost zero to 0.25 percent in the United States.

Sri Lanka had a tight peg at 108.0 to the US dollar in late 2008 when speculative capital into Treasury bill markets went out triggering a balance of payments crisis.

Sri Lanka lost more than two thirds of reserve before the currency was floated and the peg broken days before the IMF came in with a 2.5 billion US dollar bailout.

Deadly Pegs

"The general understanding among economists now is that pegged exchange rates can introduce some risks," Mathai said.

Balance of payments crises are a disease affecting so called 'soft-pegged' exchange rate central banks.

Under a soft-peg, a central bank tries to control both the interest rate and exchange rate, through inherently contradictory and unsustainable policies creating an unstable peg.

Sri Lanka created an unstable peg with the US dollar in 1950, shifting from a stable peg with the Sterling and Indian rupee under British rule.

Under a sustainable peg also known as a hard peg or currency board, capital inflows will increase the domestic reserve money supply (the monetary base), push interest rates down, and ward off further capital inflows.

A soft-pegged central bank on the other hand will try to maintain its own interest rate, drawing in more speculative capital.

Carrying Cost

The pegged central bank will 'sterilize' the capital inflows (withdraw liquidity) with high interest rates encouraging more inflows and putting upward pressure on the domestic currency.

It will build up reserves until the cost of sterilization is so great that it makes losses as profits from its low yielding foreign reserves will be lower. A central bank (or currency board) that builds reserves only to back its monetary base incurs no cost as rupee notes bear no interest.

But if it builds up foreign reserves above the monetary base, the central bank's carrying cost turns negative raising the possibility of making losses. Last year Sri Lanka's cost of sterilization had risen to over 11 billion rupees.

An appreciating exchange rate on the other hand can ward off new speculative capital by making rupee assets 'more expensive' at least to some extent.

When capital flows out of Treasuries markets suddenly, a soft-pegged central bank will sterilize in the opposite direction printing money to maintain interest rates and expand its domestic assets, triggering a 'balance of payments crisis'.

If the exchange rate is allowed to move (float) there will be no need to print money to maintain the interest rates or domestic liquidity (a process known as sterilized intervention) worsening the balance of payments crisis.

In a floating regime capital flows do not 'pass through' the domestic monetary base and cannot affect interest rates. A float ends the reserve pass through and stops the expansion of the central bank's balance sheet allowing the crisis to pass.

A true floating exchange rate central bank, which only controls the interest rate is also inherently sustainable.

Crawling Up

Sri Lanka floated the rupee in April 2009 ending the crisis. When capital started to come in the central bank reversed the earlier cycle of expansionary sterilization returned to a peg, which is now essentially crawling up.

"And right now we have a regime that is a flexible exchange rate," Mathai said. "But for a long time after the crisis we saw the rupee dollar rate absolutely flat at a 114.8.

"We were never very excited at that. We thought it was better to show some volatility."

The Central Bank had told the IMF that it had to keep the exchange rate stable to prevent a "disorderly appreciation" hurting exporters. Mathai said the IMF agreed that it was a "correct" and "sensible" response.

"We would like to see that flexibility in both directions so that the market is fully aware that in fact it is a flexible exchange rate regime so that competitiveness can be maintained over the medium term so that the overall health of the economy can be maintained," he said.

According to the Central Bank's real effective exchange rate index the rupee is overvalued by about 20 percent.

But the index has been stable at about 120 to 125 percent for over two years with inflation being kept generally around global levels by the Central Bank. An appreciating exchange rate also dampens inflation coming from the anchor currency.

Mathai says the IMF is not advocating a specific exchange rate.

"There is a need to preserve the competitiveness of the exports; the government also probably sees an inflation risk on the other side, balancing the concerns is always a difficult thing," he said.

"I think to us, without taking a position on the level of the exchange rate, what we always thought was a more productive thing to do is to focus on the quantity side of things.

"To say we want to build up our stock of reserves, so that the central bank will have more flexibility to deal with future situations and let exchange rate adjust as it needs to adjust."

Both the finance ministry and central bank officials have said that over the next few years the rupee will be made to appreciate slowly.

There is also an expectation among market participants that investors who bought into Treasury bills will be given time to exit before a full float is allowed to take place as happened during the last balance of payments crisis.

Tuesday, November 27, 2007

Idiot' s (Prabakaran"s) Speech

Propping up genocidal Sinhala State counterproductive, International Community should change approach - Pirapaharan

[TamilNet, Tuesday, 27 November 2007, 12:33 GMT]
The leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), V Pirapaharan, in his annual Heroes' Day statement placed a heavy responsibility on the shoulders of the international community for the breakdown of the peace process. He said that the involvement of the international community to resolve the Tamil national question has been unhelpful and added that their failure to condemn unambiguously the military path of the current regime has created the present situation in the island. He asserted that the propping up of the genocidal Sinhala State by the international community through economic aid, military aid and subtle diplomatic efforts will be counterproductive.


About the long and bitter history of deception by the Sinhala State he further said, “None of the Southern parties are ready to accept the core principles for a lasting peace: the Tamil homeland, the Tamil nation and the Tamil Right to self determination. The ruling party is adamant on unitary rule; the red and yellow parties are calling for no solution at all; and the main opposition party, somersaulting from its earlier position, is, on the one hand, saying nothing concrete and using evasive language to support the military actions of the government and, on the other hand, saying it supports peace efforts. All this clearly clarifies our point and proves beyond doubt that all the Sinhala political parties are essentially chauvinistic and anti-Tamil. To expect a political solution from any of these Southern parties is political naivety.”

The Tamil text of LTTE leaders statement
Drawing the attention of the international community to this long history of deception by the chauvinistic Sinhala State, the Tamil national leader said that the confidence of the Tamil people on the international community has been eroded by their one-sided approach. He pointed out that nations like East Timor and Montenegro broke free of their subjugation and gained their freedom with the help and support of the international community. He added that the actions of the international community with respect to the Tamil national question are unjust and said that Tamil people hoped that the international community would change their biased approach and recognize the sovereignty of the Tamil nation.

The LTTE leader called on the global Tamil community to support the Tamil Eelam freedom struggle. “I wish to express my love and gratitude to you for your past participation in the building of our nation, bringing together your abundant intellectual, material, monetary and many other resources in the service of our nation and ask that you stand with us in the coming years of our freedom struggle,” he said.

The full text of the official translation of his speech follows:


The 21st century began as the ‘Asian century’ and the world is looking towards Asia. Many countries in our region have grown in leaps and bounds in social, economical and scientific fields. They are researching space, moon and atom. The whole human race is taking up new challenges and has embarked on a united path, seeking answers to many of nature’s mysteries and looking for remedies to incurable diseases. It is seeking to protect the entire globe and its plant and animal lives. Sadly, the Sinhala nation is moving in exactly the opposite direction, on a path of destruction. It is trying to destroy the Tamil nation and, in the process, it is destroying itself. This beautiful island continues to soak in blood.

Buddhism is a profound spiritual duty. Its philosophy emphasizes a life without desires, a life of love and justice. The Sinhala nation, claiming that it has followed this path for more than two thousand years, has in fact remained immersed in the poison of racism. It is unleashing unthinkable violence against another people. During the long history of the Tamil struggle, first through non-violence and later through armed struggle, the Sinhala mindset has remained unchanged. The Sinhala nation did not change even after so much destruction and lost lives. It continues on the path of violence. It only desires to find a solution to the Tamil question through military might and oppression. It cunningly evaded efforts to seek peace and is boldly taking forward its military plan. The international community’s economic and military aid, its moral and political support, its diplomatic efforts, and its one-sided involvement directly aided this turn of events.


We know very well that the military, economic and geo-political interests of the world’s powers are embedded in our region. We understand their concern to take forward their interests. We also recognize the concerns of the international community to bring about stability and good governance to this island for these reasons. At the same time the chauvinistic Sinhala State is attempting to exploit this interest in our region of the international powers. It is trapping the international community in its chauvinistic project and turning the international community against the Tamil freedom struggle. Our people are dismayed and disappointed that these countries, trapped in the deceptive net of the Sinhala State, are being unhelpful in their involvement to resolve our problem. These one-sided involvements of foreign powers are not new in our prolonged struggle. India intervened in our national question then as part of its regional expansion. India signed an accord with the Sinhala State without the consent of the Tamils. The Indo-Lanka Accord was not signed to meet the aspirations of the people of Tamil Eelam. In fact, India then attempted to force an ineffectual solution on our people - a solution which did not even devolve powers to the extent of the Banda-Chelva pact signed in the 1950’s. India tried to enforce that accord with the strength of more than 100,000 Indian forces, with the power of the agreement between two countries and with the assistance of treacherous Tamil paramilitary groups. However, even this ill-considered solution, which did not even address the basic national aspirations of the Tamils, was blocked by the chauvinistic Sinhala State.

We are intimately familiar with the Sinhala State and its deceptive politics. Our people have a long history of bitter experiences. That is why we explained to India on many occasions, at many locations and at many levels about the implacability of Sinhala chauvinism. We explained to India then that the aim of the Sinhala State was not to find a solution to the Tamil question and bring peace; but to occupy the Tamil homeland, destroy its resources, and enslave the Tamil nation. India refused to accept this reality. As a result our land witnessed great sorrow and destruction.


Today, the international community is making the same mistake that India made many years ago. Even the countries that are the guardians of the peace efforts succumbed to the deception of the Sinhala State and listed our freedom movement as a terrorist organization. What we find most incomprehensible is the fact that these same nations, which labeled us terrorists, not so long ago fought in defence of their own freedom.

The Sinhala nation is unable to stomach the support of our Diaspora for the Tamil freedom struggle; it is unable to accept the humanitarian help and the political lobbying by the Diaspora to end the misery heaped on our people. That is why the Sinhala nation is trying hard to shatter the bond between our people in our homeland and our Diaspora. Some countries are also assisting this amoral effort of Sinhala chauvinism. These countries are denouncing, as illegal activities, the humanitarian actions and political protests of our people abroad – actions that are carried out according to the laws of those countries. These countries have imprisoned and humiliated Tamil campaigners and representatives. These countries have ridiculed their protests and their efforts to seek justice.

This partisan and unjust conduct of the international community has severely undermined the confidence our people had in them. And it has paved the way for the breakdown of the ceasefire and the peace efforts. Furthermore, the generous military and economic aid they have given to the Sinhala State and their diplomatic efforts to prop up the chauvinistic Sinhala State has encouraged the Sinhala nation further and further along its militaristic path. This is the background to the confidence of the Rajapake regime in continuing with its unjust, inhuman war of occupation of our land.

Overconfident of its military victory over the Tamil freedom movement, the Rajapakse regime has shut fast the door for peace. The desire to oppress the Tamils has intensified as never before. With the entire world giving support, the Sinhala State, using the ceasefire as cover, and exploiting the peace environment, prepared its war of occupation. The SLMM that was monitoring the peace covered its eyes, tied its hands behind back, and went to sleep in Colombo. The exhausted Norwegian facilitators remained silent. The countries that preached peace to us also went silent and refused to speak out. The Sinhala State started its war and justified it with slogans like ‘War for Peace’, ‘War against terrorism’ and ‘War for the liberation of the Tamils’.

The Rajapakse regime assembled its military might and let loose a massive war on the eastern region of our homeland. This part of our homeland became a wasteland after incessant bombing and shelling. Trincomalee, the famous Tamil capital, was destroyed. Batticaloa, an ancient cultural city of the Tamils, became a land of refugees. Jaffna, the cultural centre of the Tamils, was cut off from the rest of the world and turned into an open prison.

The Sinhala State’s war of genocide destroyed the peaceful life of the Tamils. It turned the Tamils into refugees in their own homeland, ruined their nation’s social and economical infrastructure and plunged them into unprecedented hardships. While our motherland, caught within gruesome Sinhala military rule, is destroyed, Sinhalisation of our historic territory is going on under the pretexts of High Security Zones and Free Trade Zones. This naked Sinhalisation proceeds by the hoisting of Lion flags, the erection of Sidharthan statues, the renaming of Tamil streets with Sinhala names, the building of Buddhist temples. Sinhala settlements are mushrooming in the Tamil homeland.

The unjust war, the economic blockade, the restrictions on our people’s freedom of movement, the killing of thousands, the displacement of hundreds of thousands, have all deeply wounded the Tamil psyche. The Sinhala nation is celebrating this tragedy as a victory. It is lighting firecrackers believing it has defeated the Tamils. The Sinhala military leadership believes that its occupation of the east has been completed and the barbed wire noose around the neck of Jaffna has been tightened. The Sinhala nation arrogantly believes it has manacled the eastern coast from Pothuvil to Pulmoddai. The Sinhala leadership thus believes it has won great victories against our struggle.

The Sinhala nation has always misunderstood our freedom struggle. It consistently underestimates us. Only after carefully scrutinising the global situation and external conditions; only after accurately estimating the strengths and weaknesses of the adversary; only after gauging the enemy’s goals and strategies; only after ensuring that we remain focused on our own strategy; only then did we implement our plans to take our liberation struggle forward. We have strategically withdrawn from the east while launching defensive attacks. The Sinhala nation could have learnt the dangers of putting its feet too wide apart in our land as it did during past battles. But the Sinhala military has fallen yet again into the net we spread and it is now forced to commit large numbers of troops to rule land without people. Caught in a territorial trap, it will soon be forced to face the serious consequences of its misguided ambitions.

Operation ‘Ellalan’, the very first combined Black Tiger and Tamil Eelam Air Force attack was a massive blow to the Sinhala military. It has disrupted the daydreams of the Sinhala nation. The Sinhala nation has not emerged from this massive shock delivered by our beloved fighters. The immeasurable dedication and sacrifice of our Heroes is delivering a message to the Sinhala nation. Those who plan to destroy the Tamil nation will in the end be forced to face their own destruction.

The Rajapakse regime is never going to realize that the Tamil national question cannot be resolved by military oppression. The Sinhala leadership is not going to shed its desire for military supremacy or the Sinhalisation of the Tamil homeland. The Rajapakse regime is working hard to import more and more destructive weapons from all over the world without care for the cost. Therefore, it is not going to give up its war of genocide.


The All Party Representative Committee was appointed by the Rajapakse regime to spread a smokescreen over the misery that its military adventures are creating in the Tamil homeland and to deceive other governments to get their aid and support. We clearly predicted this would happen one year ago. We have been proved right. After dragging on without putting forward any solution, the committee has gone on holiday.

The past sixty years have proven beyond any doubt that no political party in the South has the political honesty or firmness in policy to find a just solution to the Tamil national question. It has been also proved beyond any doubt that none of the Southern parties are ready to accept the core principles for a lasting peace: the Tamil homeland, the Tamil nation and the Tamil Right to self determination. The ruling party is adamant on unitary rule; the red and yellow parties are calling for no solution at all; and the main opposition party, somersaulting from its earlier position, is, on the one hand, saying nothing concrete and using evasive language to support the military actions of the government and, on the other hand, saying it supports peace efforts. All this clearly clarifies our point and proves beyond doubt that all the Sinhala political parties are essentially chauvinistic and anti-Tamil. To expect a political solution from any of these southern parties is political naivety.

The Sinhala nation showed eagerness in the peace talks only when we shattered their ‘Operation Fireball’ military action and made them realize that the Tigers cannot be defeated. It was only when we proved our military prowess and only when we were militarily in a position of strength that the Sinhala nation signed the ceasefire agreement. Now, with abundant monetary and military aid from several countries, it has rehabilitated its destroyed military and has prepared itself for war again. It is yet again walking the military path having abandoned the peace path.

The Rajapakse regime, after unilaterally abrogating the ceasefire agreement, is ruthlessly implementing its military plan to remove the contiguity of the Tamil homeland. It has killed and disappeared thousands of our people. It reprimands and controls the Norwegian facilitators. It vehemently criticizes the SLMM. It even dares to brand senior UN officials as terrorists in order to hide its own terrorism. It is obscuring the ground reality in the Tamil homeland by striking fear among journalists and NGO workers.

The world’s powers, even while taking forward their own geo-political interests, respect human rights and democratic institutions. Be it this universe, human affairs or international relationships, they all revolve on the wheel of justice. That is why nations like East Timor and Montenegro broke free of their subjugation and gained their freedom with the help and support of the international community. Even now, the international community continues to work for the freedom of nations like Kosovo.

Yet the actions of the international community with respect to our own national question are unjust. The confidence our people placed in the international community has been eroded. By only paying lip-service to peace the international community has contributed to the killing of an extraordinary son of our nation, Tamilselvan. It has stopped the heartbeat of a light that walked the path of peace. I will be lighting the lamp for my dear brother, Tamilselvan, who until last year was with me every time we, with a burning desire to reach our goal, lit the lamps for our fallen Heroes. The international community has made the entire Tamil world drown in its tears. Had the international community firmly and unambiguously condemned the anti-peace activities and the war mongering of the Sinhala regime, Tamilselvan would be alive today. A huge blow would not have fallen on peace efforts.

The Co-chairs, acting as the guardians of the peace process, have failed in their responsibility. If the Co-chairs do not have a moral obligation to protect peace efforts, what exactly is the purpose of their meeting from time to time in different places? Is it their intent to assist the Sinhala regime to wipe out the Tamils? Questions like these have arisen in the minds of our people. Our people firmly expect that at least from now on the international community will take a new approach in relation to our freedom struggle. On this sacred day it is the hope of our people that the international community will cease giving military and economic aid to the Sinhala regime and accept the right to self determination and the sovereignty of the Tamil nation.

My beloved people,

We are an ancient people with special qualities. We have a unique national identity and national foundation. We have been struggling non-violently and by armed struggle for a very long time against national oppression. We are not terrorists, committing blind acts of violence impelled by racist or religious fanaticism. Our struggle has a concrete, legitimate, political objective. We are struggling only to regain our sovereignty in our own historical land where we have lived for centuries, the sovereignty which we lost to colonial occupiers. We are struggling only to reestablish that sovereignty and rebuild our nation. The Sinhala nation is continuing to reject our just and civilized demands for freedom. Instead, it has declared a genocidal war on our land and our people. Behind the smokescreen of fighting terrorism, it is creating immense human misery.

Despite our people enduring injustice and oppression, facing death, destruction and massive displacement, no country, no nation, no international organization has raised its voice on our behalf. We face this situation alone because, although 80 million Tamils live all around the globe, the Tamils do not have a country of their own.

On this day, when we remember our Heroes, I ask the entire Tamil speaking world to rise up for the liberation of Tamil Eelam. I wish to express my love and gratitude to you for your past participation in the building of our nation, bringing together your abundant intellectual, material, monetary and many other resources in the service of our nation and ask that you stand with us in the coming years of our freedom struggle.

Thousands of our fighters are standing ready to fight with determination for our just goal of freedom and we will overcome the hurdles before us and liberate our motherland. On this day when we remember our Heroes who sacrificed themselves for this sacred goal, let each one of us carry their dream in our hearts and struggle until it is achieved.